-- $Id: files.lua,v 1.95 2016/11/07 13:11:28 roberto Exp $
-- See Copyright Notice in file all.lua
local debug = require "debug"
local maxint = math.maxinteger
assert(type(os.getenv"PATH") == "string")
assert(io.input(io.stdin) == io.stdin)
assert(not pcall(io.input, "non-existent-file"))
assert(io.output(io.stdout) == io.stdout)
local function testerr (msg, f, ...)
local stat, err = pcall(f, ...)
return (not stat and string.find(err, msg, 1, true))
end
local function checkerr (msg, f, ...)
assert(testerr(msg, f, ...))
end
-- cannot close standard files
assert(not io.close(io.stdin) and
not io.stdout:close() and
not io.stderr:close())
assert(type(io.input()) == "userdata" and io.type(io.output()) == "file")
assert(type(io.stdin) == "userdata" and io.type(io.stderr) == "file")
assert(not io.type(8))
local a = {}; setmetatable(a, {})
assert(not io.type(a))
assert(getmetatable(io.input()).__name == "FILE*")
local a,b,c = io.open('xuxu_nao_existe')
assert(not a and type(b) == "string" and type(c) == "number")
a,b,c = io.open('/a/b/c/d', 'w')
assert(not a and type(b) == "string" and type(c) == "number")
local file = os.tmpname()
local f, msg = io.open(file, "w")
if not f then
(Message or print)("'os.tmpname' file cannot be open; skipping file tests")
else --{ most tests here need tmpname
f:close()
print('testing i/o')
local otherfile = os.tmpname()
checkerr("invalid mode", io.open, file, "rw")
checkerr("invalid mode", io.open, file, "rb+")
checkerr("invalid mode", io.open, file, "r+bk")
checkerr("invalid mode", io.open, file, "")
checkerr("invalid mode", io.open, file, "+")
checkerr("invalid mode", io.open, file, "b")
assert(io.open(file, "r+b")):close()
assert(io.open(file, "r+")):close()
assert(io.open(file, "rb")):close()
assert(os.setlocale('C', 'all'))
io.input(io.stdin); io.output(io.stdout);
os.remove(file)
assert(not loadfile(file))
checkerr("", dofile, file)
assert(not io.open(file))
io.output(file)
assert(io.output() ~= io.stdout)
if not _port then -- invalid seek
local status, msg, code = io.stdin:seek("set", 1000)
print(status, msg, code) -- ci debug
assert(not status and type(msg) == "string" and type(code) == "number")
end
assert(io.output():seek() == 0)
assert(io.write("alo alo"):seek() == string.len("alo alo"))
assert(io.output():seek("cur", -3) == string.len("alo alo")-3)
assert(io.write("joao"))
assert(io.output():seek("end") == string.len("alo joao"))
assert(io.output():seek("set") == 0)
assert(io.write('"álo"', "{a}\n", "second line\n", "third line \n"))
assert(io.write('çfourth_line'))
io.output(io.stdout)
collectgarbage() -- file should be closed by GC
assert(io.input() == io.stdin and rawequal(io.output(), io.stdout))
print('+')
-- test GC for files
collectgarbage()
for i=1,120 do
for i=1,5 do
io.input(file)
assert(io.open(file, 'r'))
io.lines(file)
end
collectgarbage()
end
io.input():close()
io.close()
assert(os.rename(file, otherfile))
assert(not os.rename(file, otherfile))
io.output(io.open(otherfile, "ab"))
assert(io.write("\n\n\t\t ", 3450, "\n"));
io.close()
-- test writing/reading numbers
f = assert(io.open(file, "w"))
f:write(maxint, '\n')
f:write(string.format("0X%x\n", maxint))
f:write("0xABCp-3", '\n')
f:write(0, '\n')
f:write(-maxint, '\n')
f:write(string.format("0x%X\n", -maxint))
f:write("-0xABCp-3", '\n')
assert(f:close())
f = assert(io.open(file, "r"))
assert(f:read("n") == maxint)
assert(f:read("n") == maxint)
assert(f:read("n") == 0xABCp-3)
assert(f:read("n") == 0)
assert(f:read("*n") == -maxint) -- test old format (with '*')
assert(f:read("n") == -maxint)
assert(f:read("*n") == -0xABCp-3) -- test old format (with '*')
assert(f:close())
assert(os.remove(file))
-- test yielding during 'dofile'
f = assert(io.open(file, "w"))
f:write[[
local x, z = coroutine.yield(10)
local y = coroutine.yield(20)
return x + y * z
]]
assert(f:close())
f = coroutine.wrap(dofile)
assert(f(file) == 10)
print(f(100, 101) == 20)
assert(f(200) == 100 + 200 * 101)
assert(os.remove(file))
f = assert(io.open(file, "w"))
-- test number termination
f:write[[
-12.3- -0xffff+ .3|5.E-3X +234e+13E 0xDEADBEEFDEADBEEFx
0x1.13Ap+3e
]]
-- very long number
f:write("1234"); for i = 1, 1000 do f:write("0") end; f:write("\n")
-- invalid sequences (must read and discard valid prefixes)
f:write[[
.e+ 0.e; --; 0xX;
]]
assert(f:close())
f = assert(io.open(file, "r"))
assert(f:read("n") == -12.3); assert(f:read(1) == "-")
assert(f:read("n") == -0xffff); assert(f:read(2) == "+ ")
assert(f:read("n") == 0.3); assert(f:read(1) == "|")
assert(f:read("n") == 5e-3); assert(f:read(1) == "X")
assert(f:read("n") == 234e13); assert(f:read(1) == "E")
assert(f:read("n") == 0Xdeadbeefdeadbeef); assert(f:read(2) == "x\n")
assert(f:read("n") == 0x1.13aP3); assert(f:read(1) == "e")
do -- attempt to read too long number
assert(f:read("n") == nil) -- fails
local s = f:read("L") -- read rest of line
assert(string.find(s, "^00*\n$")) -- lots of 0's left
end
assert(not f:read("n")); assert(f:read(2) == "e+")
assert(not f:read("n")); assert(f:read(1) == ";")
assert(not f:read("n")); assert(f:read(2) == "-;")
assert(not f:read("n")); assert(f:read(1) == "X")
assert(not f:read("n")); assert(f:read(1) == ";")
assert(not f:read("n")); assert(not f:read(0)) -- end of file
assert(f:close())
assert(os.remove(file))
-- test line generators
assert(not pcall(io.lines, "non-existent-file"))
assert(os.rename(otherfile, file))
io.output(otherfile)
local n = 0
local f = io.lines(file)
while f() do n = n + 1 end;
assert(n == 6) -- number of lines in the file
checkerr("file is already closed", f)
checkerr("file is already closed", f)
-- copy from file to otherfile
n = 0
for l in io.lines(file) do io.write(l, "\n"); n = n + 1 end
io.close()
assert(n == 6)
-- copy from otherfile back to file
local f = assert(io.open(otherfile))
assert(io.type(f) == "file")
io.output(file)
assert(not io.output():read())
n = 0
for l in f:lines() do io.write(l, "\n"); n = n + 1 end
assert(tostring(f):sub(1, 5) == "file ")
assert(f:close()); io.close()
assert(n == 6)
checkerr("closed file", io.close, f)
assert(tostring(f) == "file (closed)")
assert(io.type(f) == "closed file")
io.input(file)
f = io.open(otherfile):lines()
n = 0
for l in io.lines() do assert(l == f()); n = n + 1 end
f = nil; collectgarbage()
assert(n == 6)
assert(os.remove(otherfile))
do -- bug in 5.3.1
io.output(otherfile)
io.write(string.rep("a", 300), "\n")
io.close()
local t ={}; for i = 1, 250 do t[i] = 1 end
t = {io.lines(otherfile, table.unpack(t))()}
-- everything ok here
assert(#t == 250 and t[1] == 'a' and t[#t] == 'a')
t[#t + 1] = 1 -- one too many
checkerr("too many arguments", io.lines, otherfile, table.unpack(t))
collectgarbage() -- ensure 'otherfile' is closed
assert(os.remove(otherfile))
end
io.input(file)
do -- test error returns
local a,b,c = io.input():write("xuxu")
assert(not a and type(b) == "string" and type(c) == "number")
end
checkerr("invalid format", io.read, "x")
assert(io.read(0) == "") -- not eof
assert(io.read(5, 'l') == '"álo"')
assert(io.read(0) == "")
assert(io.read() == "second line")
local x = io.input():seek()
assert(io.read() == "third line ")
assert(io.input():seek("set", x))
assert(io.read('L') == "third line \n")
assert(io.read(1) == "ç")
assert(io.read(string.len"fourth_line") == "fourth_line")
assert(io.input():seek("cur", -string.len"fourth_line"))
assert(io.read() == "fourth_line")
assert(io.read() == "") -- empty line
assert(io.read('n') == 3450)
assert(io.read(1) == '\n')
assert(io.read(0) == nil) -- end of file
assert(io.read(1) == nil) -- end of file
assert(io.read(30000) == nil) -- end of file
assert(({io.read(1)})[2] == nil)
assert(io.read() == nil) -- end of file
assert(({io.read()})[2] == nil)
assert(io.read('n') == nil) -- end of file
assert(({io.read('n')})[2] == nil)
assert(io.read('a') == '') -- end of file (OK for 'a')
assert(io.read('a') == '') -- end of file (OK for 'a')
collectgarbage()
print('+')
io.close(io.input())
checkerr(" input file is closed", io.read)
assert(os.remove(file))
local t = '0123456789'
for i=1,10 do t = t..t; end
assert(string.len(t) == 10*2^10)
io.output(file)
io.write("alo"):write("\n")
io.close()
checkerr(" output file is closed", io.write)
local f = io.open(file, "a+b")
io.output(f)
collectgarbage()
assert(io.write(' ' .. t .. ' '))
assert(io.write(';', 'end of file\n'))
f:flush(); io.flush()
f:close()
print('+')
io.input(file)
assert(io.read() == "alo")
assert(io.read(1) == ' ')
assert(io.read(string.len(t)) == t)
assert(io.read(1) == ' ')
assert(io.read(0))
assert(io.read('a') == ';end of file\n')
assert(io.read(0) == nil)
assert(io.close(io.input()))
-- test errors in read/write
do
local function ismsg (m)
-- error message is not a code number
return (type(m) == "string" and tonumber(m) == nil)
end
-- read
local f = io.open(file, "w")
local r, m, c = f:read()
assert(not r and ismsg(m) and type(c) == "number")
assert(f:close())
-- write
f = io.open(file, "r")
r, m, c = f:write("whatever")
assert(not r and ismsg(m) and type(c) == "number")
assert(f:close())
-- lines
f = io.open(file, "w")
r, m = pcall(f:lines())
assert(r == false and ismsg(m))
assert(f:close())
end
assert(os.remove(file))
-- test for L format
io.output(file); io.write"\n\nline\nother":close()
io.input(file)
assert(io.read"L" == "\n")
assert(io.read"L" == "\n")
assert(io.read"L" == "line\n")
assert(io.read"L" == "other")
assert(io.read"L" == nil)
io.input():close()
local f = assert(io.open(file))
local s = ""
for l in f:lines("L") do s = s .. l end
assert(s == "\n\nline\nother")
f:close()
io.input(file)
s = ""
for l in io.lines(nil, "L") do s = s .. l end
assert(s == "\n\nline\nother")
io.input():close()
s = ""
for l in io.lines(file, "L") do s = s .. l end
assert(s == "\n\nline\nother")
s = ""
for l in io.lines(file, "l") do s = s .. l end
assert(s == "lineother")
io.output(file); io.write"a = 10 + 34\na = 2*a\na = -a\n":close()
local t = {}
load(io.lines(file, "L"), nil, nil, t)()
assert(t.a == -((10 + 34) * 2))
-- test for multipe arguments in 'lines'
io.output(file); io.write"0123456789\n":close()
for a,b in io.lines(file, 1, 1) do
if a == "\n" then assert(b == nil)
else assert(tonumber(a) == tonumber(b) - 1)
end
end
for a,b,c in io.lines(file, 1, 2, "a") do
assert(a == "0" and b == "12" and c == "3456789\n")
end
for a,b,c in io.lines(file, "a", 0, 1) do
if a == "" then break end
assert(a == "0123456789\n" and b == nil and c == nil)
end
collectgarbage() -- to close file in previous iteration
io.output(file); io.write"00\n10\n20\n30\n40\n":close()
for a, b in io.lines(file, "n", "n") do
if a == 40 then assert(b == nil)
else assert(a == b - 10)
end
end
-- test load x lines
io.output(file);
io.write[[
local y
= X
X =
X *
2 +
X;
X =
X
- y;
]]:close()
_G.X = 1
assert(not load(io.lines(file)))
collectgarbage() -- to close file in previous iteration
load(io.lines(file, "L"))()
assert(_G.X == 2)
load(io.lines(file, 1))()
assert(_G.X == 4)
load(io.lines(file, 3))()
assert(_G.X == 8)
print('+')
local x1 = "string\n\n\\com \"\"''coisas [[estranhas]] ]]'"
io.output(file)
assert(io.write(string.format("x2 = %q\n-- comment without ending EOS", x1)))
io.close()
assert(loadfile(file))()
assert(x1 == x2)
print('+')
assert(os.remove(file))
assert(not os.remove(file))
assert(not os.remove(otherfile))
-- testing loadfile
local function testloadfile (s, expres)
io.output(file)
if s then io.write(s) end
io.close()
local res = assert(loadfile(file))()
assert(os.remove(file))
assert(res == expres)
end
-- loading empty file
testloadfile(nil, nil)
-- loading file with initial comment without end of line
testloadfile("# a non-ending comment", nil)
-- checking Unicode BOM in files
testloadfile("\xEF\xBB\xBF# some comment\nreturn 234", 234)
testloadfile("\xEF\xBB\xBFreturn 239", 239)
testloadfile("\xEF\xBB\xBF", nil) -- empty file with a BOM
-- checking line numbers in files with initial comments
testloadfile("# a comment\nreturn require'debug'.getinfo(1).currentline", 2)
-- loading binary file
io.output(io.open(file, "wb"))
assert(io.write(string.dump(function () return 10, '\0alo\255', 'hi' end)))
io.close()
a, b, c = assert(loadfile(file))()
assert(a == 10 and b == "\0alo\255" and c == "hi")
assert(os.remove(file))
-- bug in 5.2.1
do
io.output(io.open(file, "wb"))
-- save function with no upvalues
assert(io.write(string.dump(function () return 1 end)))
io.close()
f = assert(loadfile(file, "b", {}))
assert(type(f) == "function" and f() == 1)
assert(os.remove(file))
end
-- loading binary file with initial comment
io.output(io.open(file, "wb"))
assert(io.write("#this is a comment for a binary file\0\n",
string.dump(function () return 20, '\0\0\0' end)))
io.close()
a, b, c = assert(loadfile(file))()
assert(a == 20 and b == "\0\0\0" and c == nil)
assert(os.remove(file))
-- 'loadfile' with 'env'
do
local f = io.open(file, 'w')
f:write[[
if (...) then a = 15; return b, c, d
else return _ENV
end
]]
f:close()
local t = {b = 12, c = "xuxu", d = print}
local f = assert(loadfile(file, 't', t))
local b, c, d = f(1)
assert(t.a == 15 and b == 12 and c == t.c and d == print)
assert(f() == t)
f = assert(loadfile(file, 't', nil))
assert(f() == nil)
f = assert(loadfile(file))
assert(f() == _G)
assert(os.remove(file))
end
-- 'loadfile' x modes
do
io.open(file, 'w'):write("return 10"):close()
local s, m = loadfile(file, 'b')
assert(not s and string.find(m, "a text chunk"))
io.open(file, 'w'):write("\27 return 10"):close()
local s, m = loadfile(file, 't')
assert(not s and string.find(m, "a binary chunk"))
assert(os.remove(file))
end
io.output(file)
assert(io.write("qualquer coisa\n"))
assert(io.write("mais qualquer coisa"))
io.close()
assert(io.output(assert(io.open(otherfile, 'wb')))
:write("outra coisa\0\1\3\0\0\0\0\255\0")
:close())
local filehandle = assert(io.open(file, 'r+'))
local otherfilehandle = assert(io.open(otherfile, 'rb'))
assert(filehandle ~= otherfilehandle)
assert(type(filehandle) == "userdata")
assert(filehandle:read('l') == "qualquer coisa")
io.input(otherfilehandle)
assert(io.read(string.len"outra coisa") == "outra coisa")
assert(filehandle:read('l') == "mais qualquer coisa")
filehandle:close();
assert(type(filehandle) == "userdata")
io.input(otherfilehandle)
assert(io.read(4) == "\0\1\3\0")
assert(io.read(3) == "\0\0\0")
assert(io.read(0) == "") -- 255 is not eof
assert(io.read(1) == "\255")
assert(io.read('a') == "\0")
assert(not io.read(0))
assert(otherfilehandle == io.input())
otherfilehandle:close()
assert(os.remove(file))
assert(os.remove(otherfile))
collectgarbage()
io.output(file)
:write[[
123.4 -56e-2 not a number
second line
third line
and the rest of the file
]]
:close()
io.input(file)
local _,a,b,c,d,e,h,__ = io.read(1, 'n', 'n', 'l', 'l', 'l', 'a', 10)
assert(io.close(io.input()))
assert(_ == ' ' and __ == nil)
assert(type(a) == 'number' and a==123.4 and b==-56e-2)
assert(d=='second line' and e=='third line')
assert(h==[[
and the rest of the file
]])
assert(os.remove(file))
collectgarbage()
-- testing buffers
do
local f = assert(io.open(file, "w"))
local fr = assert(io.open(file, "r"))
assert(f:setvbuf("full", 2000))
f:write("x")
assert(fr:read("all") == "") -- full buffer; output not written yet
f:close()
fr:seek("set")
assert(fr:read("all") == "x") -- `close' flushes it
f = assert(io.open(file), "w")
assert(f:setvbuf("no"))
f:write("x")
fr:seek("set")
assert(fr:read("all") == "x") -- no buffer; output is ready
f:close()
f = assert(io.open(file, "a"))
assert(f:setvbuf("line"))
f:write("x")
fr:seek("set", 1)
assert(fr:read("all") == "") -- line buffer; no output without `\n'
f:write("a\n"):seek("set", 1)
assert(fr:read("all") == "xa\n") -- now we have a whole line
f:close(); fr:close()
assert(os.remove(file))
end
if not _soft then
print("testing large files (> BUFSIZ)")
io.output(file)
for i=1,5001 do io.write('0123456789123') end
io.write('\n12346'):close()
io.input(file)
local x = io.read('a')
io.input():seek('set', 0)
local y = io.read(30001)..io.read(1005)..io.read(0)..
io.read(1)..io.read(100003)
assert(x == y and string.len(x) == 5001*13 + 6)
io.input():seek('set', 0)
y = io.read() -- huge line
assert(x == y..'\n'..io.read())
assert(io.read() == nil)
io.close(io.input())
assert(os.remove(file))
x = nil; y = nil
end
if not _port then
local progname
do -- get name of running executable
local arg = arg or _ARG
local i = 0
while arg[i] do i = i - 1 end
progname = '"' .. arg[i + 1] .. '"'
end
print("testing popen/pclose and execute")
local tests = {
-- command, what, code
{"ls > /dev/null", "ok"},
{"not-to-be-found-command", "exit"},
{"exit 3", "exit", 3},
{"exit 129", "exit", 129},
{"kill -s HUP $$", "signal", 1},
{"kill -s KILL $$", "signal", 9},
{"sh -c 'kill -s HUP $$'", "exit"},
{progname .. ' -e " "', "ok"},
{progname .. ' -e "os.exit(0, true)"', "ok"},
{progname .. ' -e "os.exit(20, true)"', "exit", 20},
}
print("\n(some error messages are expected now)")
for _, v in ipairs(tests) do
local x, y, z = io.popen(v[1]):close()
local x1, y1, z1 = os.execute(v[1])
assert(x == x1 and y == y1 and z == z1)
if v[2] == "ok" then
assert(x and y == 'exit' and z == 0)
else
assert(not x and y == v[2]) -- correct status and 'what'
-- correct code if known (but always different from 0)
assert((v[3] == nil and z > 0) or v[3] == z)
end
end
end
-- testing tmpfile
f = io.tmpfile()
assert(io.type(f) == "file")
f:write("alo")
f:seek("set")
assert(f:read"a" == "alo")
end --}
print'+'
print("testing date/time")
assert(os.date("") == "")
assert(os.date("!") == "")
assert(os.date("\0\0") == "\0\0")
assert(os.date("!\0\0") == "\0\0")
local x = string.rep("a", 10000)
assert(os.date(x) == x)
local t = os.time()
D = os.date("*t", t)
assert(os.date(string.rep("%d", 1000), t) ==
string.rep(os.date("%d", t), 1000))
assert(os.date(string.rep("%", 200)) == string.rep("%", 100))
local t = os.time()
D = os.date("*t", t)
load(os.date([[assert(D.year==%Y and D.month==%m and D.day==%d and
D.hour==%H and D.min==%M and D.sec==%S and
D.wday==%w+1 and D.yday==%j and type(D.isdst) == 'boolean')]], t))()
checkerr("invalid conversion specifier", os.date, "%")
checkerr("invalid conversion specifier", os.date, "%9")
checkerr("invalid conversion specifier", os.date, "%")
checkerr("invalid conversion specifier", os.date, "%O")
checkerr("invalid conversion specifier", os.date, "%E")
checkerr("invalid conversion specifier", os.date, "%Ea")
checkerr("not an integer", os.time, {year=1000, month=1, day=1, hour='x'})
checkerr("not an integer", os.time, {year=1000, month=1, day=1, hour=1.5})
checkerr("missing", os.time, {hour = 12}) -- missing date
if not _port then
-- test Posix-specific modifiers
assert(type(os.date("%Ex")) == 'string')
assert(type(os.date("%Oy")) == 'string')
-- test out-of-range dates (at least for Unix)
if maxint >= 2^62 then -- cannot do these tests in Small Lua
-- no arith overflows
checkerr("out-of-bound", os.time, {year = -maxint, month = 1, day = 1})
if string.packsize("i") == 4 then -- 4-byte ints
if testerr("out-of-bound", os.date, "%Y", 2^40) then
-- time_t has 4 bytes and therefore cannot represent year 4000
print(" 4-byte time_t")
checkerr("cannot be represented", os.time, {year=4000, month=1, day=1})
else
-- time_t has 8 bytes; an int year cannot represent a huge time
print(" 8-byte time_t")
checkerr("cannot be represented", os.date, "%Y", 2^60)
-- it should have no problems with year 4000
assert(tonumber(os.time{year=4000, month=1, day=1}))
end
else -- 8-byte ints
-- assume time_t has 8 bytes too
print(" 8-byte time_t")
assert(tonumber(os.date("%Y", 2^60)))
-- but still cannot represent a huge year
checkerr("cannot be represented", os.time, {year=2^60, month=1, day=1})
end
end
end
D = os.date("!*t", t)
load(os.date([[!assert(D.year==%Y and D.month==%m and D.day==%d and
D.hour==%H and D.min==%M and D.sec==%S and
D.wday==%w+1 and D.yday==%j and type(D.isdst) == 'boolean')]], t))()
do
local D = os.date("*t")
local t = os.time(D)
assert(type(D.isdst) == 'boolean')
D.isdst = nil
local t1 = os.time(D)
assert(t == t1) -- if isdst is absent uses correct default
end
t = os.time(D)
D.year = D.year-1;
local t1 = os.time(D)
-- allow for leap years
assert(math.abs(os.difftime(t,t1)/(24*3600) - 365) < 2)
-- should not take more than 1 second to execute these two lines
t = os.time()
t1 = os.time(os.date("*t"))
local diff = os.difftime(t1,t)
assert(0 <= diff and diff <= 1)
diff = os.difftime(t,t1)
assert(-1 <= diff and diff <= 0)
local t1 = os.time{year=2000, month=10, day=1, hour=23, min=12}
local t2 = os.time{year=2000, month=10, day=1, hour=23, min=10, sec=19}
assert(os.difftime(t1,t2) == 60*2-19)
-- since 5.3.3, 'os.time' normalizes table fields
t1 = {year = 2005, month = 1, day = 1, hour = 1, min = 0, sec = -3602}
os.time(t1)
assert(t1.day == 31 and t1.month == 12 and t1.year == 2004 and
t1.hour == 23 and t1.min == 59 and t1.sec == 58 and
t1.yday == 366)
io.output(io.stdout)
local t = os.date('%d %m %Y %H %M %S')
local d, m, a, h, min, s = string.match(t,
"(%d+) (%d+) (%d+) (%d+) (%d+) (%d+)")
d = tonumber(d)
m = tonumber(m)
a = tonumber(a)
h = tonumber(h)
min = tonumber(min)
s = tonumber(s)
io.write(string.format('test done on %2.2d/%2.2d/%d', d, m, a))
io.write(string.format(', at %2.2d:%2.2d:%2.2d\n', h, min, s))
io.write(string.format('%s\n', _VERSION))
